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Research Article


Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam

Pham Quynh Yen Thanh, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Tran Ngoc Bich, Nguyen Thanh Lam, Tran Duy Khang, Nguyen Phuc Khanh.


Abstract
Background:
Avian nephritis virus (ANV) infections in commercial broiler flocks cause gastroenteritis and renal diseases, leading to economic losses in the poultry industry.

Aim:
To determine the genetic diversity of ANV strains by analyzing the ORF2 gene sequences.

Methods:
A total of 140 suspected samples of ANV were isolated from broiler chickens collected in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam, between 2024 and 2025. Molecular diagnosis was performed using real-time RT-PCR, and positive samples were subsequently sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared with reference ANV strains in GenBank to assess genetic similarity, variation, and recombination.

Results:
Overall, 24/140 (17.14%) samples were positive for ANV. Two ANV strains, referred to as ANV-ORF2-MK3 (PV872384) and ANV-ORF2-MK4 (PV872385), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ANV-ORF2-MK3 (PV872384) and ANV-ORF2-MK4 (PV872385) strains were clustered with Avian AstV Brazil 5-3 (KU711052), ANV-VF08-53 (HQ330499), and RS/BR/15/6R (MG846415) strains. Both strains showed high nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with ANV-VF08-53 (nucleotide: 75.63% and 75.52%; amino acid: 76.06% and 75.90%, respectively), and genotype 8 was identified. Additionally, amino acid sequence analysis of the isolated strains compared with reference strains indicated substantial variability, particularly in regions 416–424, 448–489, and 558–566. A recombination signal was detected at the N-terminal region of the ANV-ORF2-MK4 strain.

Conclusion:
This study represents the first genetic characterization of ANV strains circulating in Vietnam based on the ORF2 gene. The findings provide additional insights into the genetic diversity of the ANV ORF2 gene.

Key words: Avian nephritis virus, Ben Tre province, genetic characterization, ORF2, Vietnam


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Thanh PQY, Hang NTT, Bich TN, Lam NT, Khang TD, Khanh NP. Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(6): 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8

Web Style

Thanh PQY, Hang NTT, Bich TN, Lam NT, Khang TD, Khanh NP. Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=306725 [Access: June 08, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Thanh PQY, Hang NTT, Bich TN, Lam NT, Khang TD, Khanh NP. Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(6): 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Thanh PQY, Hang NTT, Bich TN, Lam NT, Khang TD, Khanh NP. Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited June 08, 2026]; 16(6): 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


Harvard Style

Thanh, P. Q. Y., Hang, . N. T. T., Bich, . T. N., Lam, . N. T., Khang, . T. D. & Khanh, . N. P. (2026) Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. Open Vet. J., 16 (6), 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


Turabian Style

Thanh, Pham Quynh Yen, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Tran Ngoc Bich, Nguyen Thanh Lam, Tran Duy Khang, and Nguyen Phuc Khanh. 2026. Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (6), 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


Chicago Style

Thanh, Pham Quynh Yen, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Tran Ngoc Bich, Nguyen Thanh Lam, Tran Duy Khang, and Nguyen Phuc Khanh. "Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Thanh, Pham Quynh Yen, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Tran Ngoc Bich, Nguyen Thanh Lam, Tran Duy Khang, and Nguyen Phuc Khanh. "Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam." Open Veterinary Journal 16.6 (2026), 3367-3375. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Thanh, P. Q. Y., Hang, . N. T. T., Bich, . T. N., Lam, . N. T., Khang, . T. D. & Khanh, . N. P. (2026) Genetic characterization of avian nephritis virus detected in chickens based on capsid protein in Vietnam. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (6), 3367-3375. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.8


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