Abstract
Background:
Formalin can be very detrimental to the health of quail respiratory tract.

Aim:
This investigation pioneered the examination of formalin gas's detrimental impact on the gene expression of tumor protein TP53 within the quail respiratory system.

Methods:
In this study, three groups were exposed twice-daily two-hour to formalin gas for 30 days, while a control group was without formalin exposure. Sample tissue were Animals were from lung, trachea, and blood samples for intervals (10, 20, and 30 days), for gene expression, histological, and biochemical analyses.

Results:
Our findings have been shown significant disturbances in liver and kidney function, alongside pronounced pathological alterations in the lungs and trachea, characterized by acute pneumonia. Particularly, 5% formalin gas exposure consistently prompted an increase upregulation of TP53 gene expression in both lung and tracheal tissues over the exposure period of formalin.

Conclusion:
So, these outcomes are strongly suggested that TP53 may indicate as a valuable biomarker for assessing formalin gas exposure in both humans and mammals. Also, the results highlight the significant influence of 5% formalin gas on TP53 gene expression within the respiratory system of quails, with a clear dependence on the length of exposure. Consequently, this study confirms that the potential of evidence that TP53 gene expression as biomarker for assessing the carcinogenic risks which might be associated with formalin gas exposure in both human and animals.

Key words: Quail, Formalin, Gene expression TP53, Respiratory system