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Research Article


Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Ahmed Z.i. Shehata, Magdy A. A. Ayad, Abdulnassar A. Alteab, Ahmed N. G. Abdel-aziz, Mohamed A. M. Shahat, Raafat M. Shaapan.


Abstract
Background:
Anopheles sergentii is regarded as a significant vector-borne insect such as malaria.

Aim:
This work sought to investigate the efficacy of silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs) produced from aqueous extracts of Cestrum nocturnum and Salvia malticaulis against various immature stages of Anopheles sergentii.

Methods:
The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) pictures of generated AgNPs and CuNPs indicated that the diameters of the nanoparticles varied from 8.39 to 113.68 nm for AgNPs and from 12.05 to 66.45 nm for CuNPs, respectively . The efficacy of synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs against various immature stages of An. sergentii was estimated after 24 and 48 hours.

Results:
The UV–vis Spectrophotometric analysis findings for both AgNPs and CuNPs exhibited a single absorption peak within the 300-400 nm region, signifying the existence of spherical AgNPs and CuNPs. The efficacy of produced AgNPs and CuNPs against the immature stages of An. sergentii escalated with higher concentrations of the tested nanoparticles. Calculated LC50 values indicate that AgNPs and CuNPs that produced from the aqueous extract of Ce. nocturnum leaves were more effective against various stages of An. sergentii than those against Sa. malticaulis. Also, tested AgNPs were more effective against An. sergentii different immature stages than CuNPs. The LC50 values of Ce. nocturnum- AgNPs against immature stages of An. sergentii recorded 13.93 and 13.18 ppm against first instar larvae, 15.0 and 14.22 ppm against second instar larvae, 17.06 and 14.31 ppm against third instar larvae, 17.24 and 14.32 ppm against fourth instar larvae, 17.56 and 14.82 ppm against pupae after 24- and 48-hours post-treatment, respectively. In addition, a depression in AChE level in An. sergentii different immature stages was recorded.

Conclusion:
The Ce. nocturnum and Sa. malticaulis - synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs possess a significant activity against An. sergentii immature stages .

Key words: Anopheles sergentii; Cestrum nocturnum; Larvae; Salvia malticaulis.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shehata AZ, Ayad MAA, Alteab AA, Abdel-aziz ANG, Shahat MAM, Shaapan RM. Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(5): 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29

Web Style

Shehata AZ, Ayad MAA, Alteab AA, Abdel-aziz ANG, Shahat MAM, Shaapan RM. Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=295809 [Access: May 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shehata AZ, Ayad MAA, Alteab AA, Abdel-aziz ANG, Shahat MAM, Shaapan RM. Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(5): 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shehata AZ, Ayad MAA, Alteab AA, Abdel-aziz ANG, Shahat MAM, Shaapan RM. Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited May 31, 2026]; 16(5): 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


Harvard Style

Shehata, A. Z., Ayad, . M. A. A., Alteab, . A. A., Abdel-aziz, . A. N. G., Shahat, . M. A. M. & Shaapan, . R. M. (2026) Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). Open Vet. J., 16 (5), 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


Turabian Style

Shehata, Ahmed Z.i., Magdy A. A. Ayad, Abdulnassar A. Alteab, Ahmed N. G. Abdel-aziz, Mohamed A. M. Shahat, and Raafat M. Shaapan. 2026. Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (5), 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


Chicago Style

Shehata, Ahmed Z.i., Magdy A. A. Ayad, Abdulnassar A. Alteab, Ahmed N. G. Abdel-aziz, Mohamed A. M. Shahat, and Raafat M. Shaapan. "Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae)." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shehata, Ahmed Z.i., Magdy A. A. Ayad, Abdulnassar A. Alteab, Ahmed N. G. Abdel-aziz, Mohamed A. M. Shahat, and Raafat M. Shaapan. "Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae)." Open Veterinary Journal 16.5 (2026), 2869-2882. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shehata, A. Z., Ayad, . M. A. A., Alteab, . A. A., Abdel-aziz, . A. N. G., Shahat, . M. A. M. & Shaapan, . R. M. (2026) Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae). Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (5), 2869-2882. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29


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