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Research Article


Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia

Ragil Angga Prastiya, Raket Wonggo Murgiyana, Tutus Multianingsih, Trilas Sardjito, Amung Logam Saputro, Nagia Musa Alghoul, Samira Musa Sasi.


Abstract
Background:
Rapid urbanization in Jakarta and Surabaya has intensified lead (Pb) contamination in the urban environment, and stray female cats, as effective bioindicators, provide a valuable model for assessing the accumulation of this persistent heavy metal and its potential adverse effects on ovarian health and reproductive function.

Aim:
This research was conducted to assess the effect of environmental exposure to lead on reproductive parameters in stray female cats in Jakarta and Surabaya as a sign of urban environmental pollution.

Methods:
We measured blood lead levels, and ovarian weights and follicular sizes were assessed to determine the effects on reproduction.

Results:
There were no significant differences in lead levels or reproductive parameters between the two cities, indicating a similar burden across these urban areas. Furthermore, the lack of discernible changes in ovarian morphological structure implies that current levels of exposure to lead may not be immediately affecting reproductive structures. However, the possibilities of sub-clinical, long-term endocrine and reproductive influences cannot be ignored, making continued surveillance and rigorous cell-based investigations a priority. Overall, the prevailing pollution conditions did not cause stray cats to reach toxic levels of lead, but rather revealed a pattern of chronic exposure.

Conclusion:
This work highlights the need for targeted environmental health policies to reduce pollution risks, protect urban animal populations, and consequently preserve human health. The results make very important contributions to the knowledge of urban.

Key words: Environmental bioindicators; Lead exposure; Reproductive health; Stray cats; Urban pollution.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Prastiya RA, Murgiyana RW, Multianingsih T, Sardjito T, Saputro AL, Alghoul NM, Sasi SM. Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(5): 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14

Web Style

Prastiya RA, Murgiyana RW, Multianingsih T, Sardjito T, Saputro AL, Alghoul NM, Sasi SM. Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=303258 [Access: May 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Prastiya RA, Murgiyana RW, Multianingsih T, Sardjito T, Saputro AL, Alghoul NM, Sasi SM. Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(5): 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Prastiya RA, Murgiyana RW, Multianingsih T, Sardjito T, Saputro AL, Alghoul NM, Sasi SM. Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited May 31, 2026]; 16(5): 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


Harvard Style

Prastiya, R. A., Murgiyana, . R. W., Multianingsih, . T., Sardjito, . T., Saputro, . A. L., Alghoul, . N. M. & Sasi, . S. M. (2026) Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J., 16 (5), 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


Turabian Style

Prastiya, Ragil Angga, Raket Wonggo Murgiyana, Tutus Multianingsih, Trilas Sardjito, Amung Logam Saputro, Nagia Musa Alghoul, and Samira Musa Sasi. 2026. Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (5), 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


Chicago Style

Prastiya, Ragil Angga, Raket Wonggo Murgiyana, Tutus Multianingsih, Trilas Sardjito, Amung Logam Saputro, Nagia Musa Alghoul, and Samira Musa Sasi. "Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Prastiya, Ragil Angga, Raket Wonggo Murgiyana, Tutus Multianingsih, Trilas Sardjito, Amung Logam Saputro, Nagia Musa Alghoul, and Samira Musa Sasi. "Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 16.5 (2026), 2714-2721. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Prastiya, R. A., Murgiyana, . R. W., Multianingsih, . T., Sardjito, . T., Saputro, . A. L., Alghoul, . N. M. & Sasi, . S. M. (2026) Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (5), 2714-2721. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14


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