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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Research Article


Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria

Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Agatha Ifunanya Ugbo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bernard Nnabuife Agumah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Fitrine Ekawasti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu.


Abstract
Background:
Swine is one of the major sources of protein to humans worldwide, antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli has become a global public health challenge affecting both humans and livestock due to presence of tetracycline resistance genes.

Aim:
This study focused on molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes (tet A and B) in E. coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold in a slaughterhouse at Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Methods:
A total of 75 internal organs of swine samples were collected from slaughterhouses. Standard microbiological procedures were employed to evaluate the samples bacteriologically. Using the disk diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on E. coli against specific classes of antibiotics, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was calculated. The Polymerase Chain Reaction was utilized for the molecular identification of the tetracycline resistance genes, specifically tet A and B.

Results:
Out of the 75 samples analyzed, 24/75 were positive for E. coli with an overall prevalence of 24/75 (32.0%). The small intestine and colon had higher percentages of E. coli isolates 6/15 (40.0%). However, E. coli isolates were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin which ranged from 20.0% to 75.0% and susceptible to gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin at a range of 75.0% to 100.0%. Exactly 8 (33.3%) isolates were both multidrug and tetracycline resistant. The presence of tet A 6/8 (75.0%); tet B 5/8 (62.5%); tet A and B 4/8 (50.0%) were reported.

Conclusion:
Multidrug and tetracycline resistance genes have been observed in E. coli isolated from internal organs of swine and is of public health concern.

Key words: Tetracycline resistance genes, E. coli, Internal organs, Swine, Public health


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ugbo EN, Effendi MH, Ugbo AI, Tyasningsih W, Agumah BN, Raharjo HM, Khairullah AR, Ogba RC, Ekawasti F, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Riwu KHP. Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16

Web Style

Ugbo EN, Effendi MH, Ugbo AI, Tyasningsih W, Agumah BN, Raharjo HM, Khairullah AR, Ogba RC, Ekawasti F, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Riwu KHP. Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=217618 [Access: March 12, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ugbo EN, Effendi MH, Ugbo AI, Tyasningsih W, Agumah BN, Raharjo HM, Khairullah AR, Ogba RC, Ekawasti F, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Riwu KHP. Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ugbo EN, Effendi MH, Ugbo AI, Tyasningsih W, Agumah BN, Raharjo HM, Khairullah AR, Ogba RC, Ekawasti F, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Riwu KHP. Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited March 12, 2025]; 15(1): 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


Harvard Style

Ugbo, E. N., Effendi, . M. H., Ugbo, . A. I., Tyasningsih, . W., Agumah, . B. N., Raharjo, . H. M., Khairullah, . A. R., Ogba, . R. C., Ekawasti, . F., Yanestria, . S. M., Moses, . I. B. & Riwu, . K. H. P. (2025) Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. Open Vet J, 15 (1), 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


Turabian Style

Ugbo, Emmanuel Nnabuike, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Agatha Ifunanya Ugbo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bernard Nnabuife Agumah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Fitrine Ekawasti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, and Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu. 2025. Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (1), 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


Chicago Style

Ugbo, Emmanuel Nnabuike, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Agatha Ifunanya Ugbo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bernard Nnabuife Agumah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Fitrine Ekawasti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, and Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu. "Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ugbo, Emmanuel Nnabuike, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Agatha Ifunanya Ugbo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bernard Nnabuife Agumah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Fitrine Ekawasti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, and Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu. "Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria." Open Veterinary Journal 15.1 (2025), 171-178. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ugbo, E. N., Effendi, . M. H., Ugbo, . A. I., Tyasningsih, . W., Agumah, . B. N., Raharjo, . H. M., Khairullah, . A. R., Ogba, . R. C., Ekawasti, . F., Yanestria, . S. M., Moses, . I. B. & Riwu, . K. H. P. (2025) Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (1), 171-178. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.16


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