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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Review Article


Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health

Tita Damayanti Lestari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Tatik Hernawati, Suzanita Utama, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ilma Fauziah Ma’ruf, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Ima Fauziah, Nina Amalia, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala.


Abstract
Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an acute septicemic disease that mostly affects cattle and buffalo. This illness is brought on by a particular serotype of the Gram-negative coccobacillus Pasteurella multocida. The frequency and distribution of HS epidemics involving various animal species vary according on the agroclimatic zone. The virulence factors of P. multocida include a number of defense mechanisms or components that help the pathogen avoid detection by the host immune system. A number of components contribute to P. multocida's pathogenicity, particularly its toxins and capsule. The primary clinical signs and peracute or acute pathological alterations in other HS instances include septic pneumonia, petechial hemorrhages, ecchymoses in the serous membranes, adrenal glands, and abomasum with severe bleeding, as well as widespread head and neck edema. The affected animals exhibit fever, sadness, and other vague clinical symptoms (such reduced milk production), which are quickly followed by copious serous nasal discharge and excessive salivation. Hemorrhagic septicemia-causing P. multocida strains may not be found in previously obtained samples, but they can be cultivated from blood in the later stages of the illness. The transmission of hemorrhagic septicemia can occur through direct touch, ingestion, or inhalation of contaminated feed or water. HS is an illness that has significant economic implications, particularly in Asia and, to a lesser degree, Africa. Antibiotics of several kinds have been used to treat HS illness. Effective control of a variety of HS diseases will be aided by hygienic planning, immunoprophylaxis, chemotherapy, and fundamental management practices including feeding and maintenance.

Key words: Hemorrhagic septicemia, Livestock, Pasteurella multocida


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Rimayanti R, Hernawati T, Utama S, Wardhani BWK, Wibowo S, Kurniasih DAA, Ma'ruf IF, Moses IB, Lisnanti EF, Ahmad RZ, Fauziah I, Amalia N, Fauzia KA, Kusala MKJ. Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(2): 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3

Web Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Rimayanti R, Hernawati T, Utama S, Wardhani BWK, Wibowo S, Kurniasih DAA, Ma'ruf IF, Moses IB, Lisnanti EF, Ahmad RZ, Fauziah I, Amalia N, Fauzia KA, Kusala MKJ. Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=226375 [Access: March 08, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Rimayanti R, Hernawati T, Utama S, Wardhani BWK, Wibowo S, Kurniasih DAA, Ma'ruf IF, Moses IB, Lisnanti EF, Ahmad RZ, Fauziah I, Amalia N, Fauzia KA, Kusala MKJ. Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(2): 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Rimayanti R, Hernawati T, Utama S, Wardhani BWK, Wibowo S, Kurniasih DAA, Ma'ruf IF, Moses IB, Lisnanti EF, Ahmad RZ, Fauziah I, Amalia N, Fauzia KA, Kusala MKJ. Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited March 08, 2025]; 15(2): 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


Harvard Style

Lestari, T. D., Khairullah, . A. R., Damayanti, . R., Mulyati, . S., Rimayanti, . R., Hernawati, . T., Utama, . S., Wardhani, . B. W. K., Wibowo, . S., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Ma'ruf, . I. F., Moses, . I. B., Lisnanti, . E. F., Ahmad, . R. Z., Fauziah, . I., Amalia, . N., Fauzia, . K. A. & Kusala, . M. K. J. (2025) Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. Open Vet J, 15 (2), 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


Turabian Style

Lestari, Tita Damayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Tatik Hernawati, Suzanita Utama, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Ima Fauziah, Nina Amalia, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, and Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala. 2025. Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (2), 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


Chicago Style

Lestari, Tita Damayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Tatik Hernawati, Suzanita Utama, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Ima Fauziah, Nina Amalia, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, and Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala. "Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Lestari, Tita Damayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Tatik Hernawati, Suzanita Utama, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Ima Fauziah, Nina Amalia, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, and Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala. "Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health." Open Veterinary Journal 15.2 (2025), 519-532. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Lestari, T. D., Khairullah, . A. R., Damayanti, . R., Mulyati, . S., Rimayanti, . R., Hernawati, . T., Utama, . S., Wardhani, . B. W. K., Wibowo, . S., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Ma'ruf, . I. F., Moses, . I. B., Lisnanti, . E. F., Ahmad, . R. Z., Fauziah, . I., Amalia, . N., Fauzia, . K. A. & Kusala, . M. K. J. (2025) Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (2), 519-532. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3


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