E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 

Research Article 


Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs

Siti Imroatul Maslikah, Heri Prayitno, Muhaimin Rifa`i, Warsito Warsito, Muhammad Sasmito Djati.


Abstract
Background:
Piper crocatum extract contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolics, that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Liposomal encapsulation enhances these compounds’ stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, making it a promising strategy for anti-inflammatory drug development.

Aim:
This review evaluates the potential of P. crocatum liposomes as drug carriers for inflammatory disorders and identifies key research gaps.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus database, following the PRISMA 2020 protocol and assisted by Parsif.ai for screening and data extraction.

Results:
P. crocatum liposomes improved the physicochemical stability and therapeutic activity of encapsulated compounds, exhibiting enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Their ability to modulate inflammation at the molecular level and deliver agents to specific sites demonstrates strong potential for therapeutic and preservative applications.

Conclusion:
P. crocatum liposomal formulations offer a stable and effective delivery system for inflammation-related therapies, supporting further investigation into their clinical and pharmaceutical applications.

Key words: Anti-inflammatory drug; Liposome; Red betel (Piper crocatum); Systematic literature review (SLR).


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Maslikah SI, Prayitno H, Rifa`i M, Warsito W, Djati MS. Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31


Web Style

Maslikah SI, Prayitno H, Rifa`i M, Warsito W, Djati MS. Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=238658 [Access: November 30, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Maslikah SI, Prayitno H, Rifa`i M, Warsito W, Djati MS. Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Maslikah SI, Prayitno H, Rifa`i M, Warsito W, Djati MS. Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31



Harvard Style

Maslikah, S. I., Prayitno, . H., Rifa`i, . M., Warsito, . W. & Djati, . M. S. (2025) Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31



Turabian Style

Maslikah, Siti Imroatul, Heri Prayitno, Muhaimin Rifa`i, Warsito Warsito, and Muhammad Sasmito Djati. 2025. Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31



Chicago Style

Maslikah, Siti Imroatul, Heri Prayitno, Muhaimin Rifa`i, Warsito Warsito, and Muhammad Sasmito Djati. "Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Maslikah, Siti Imroatul, Heri Prayitno, Muhaimin Rifa`i, Warsito Warsito, and Muhammad Sasmito Djati. "Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Maslikah, S. I., Prayitno, . H., Rifa`i, . M., Warsito, . W. & Djati, . M. S. (2025) Liposomes from red betel (Piper crocatum) extract: A new approach in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.31