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Research Article


Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia

Irfan Alias Kendek, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ricadonna Raissa, Saifur Rehman.


Abstract
Background:
Escherichia coli bacteria are normal flora in the digestive tract of animals and humans, while some E. coli isolates are pathogenic, causing disease in humans and animals. E. coli is one of the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria responsible for the increasing antibiotic resistance, ESBL is a β-lactamase enzyme that can hydrolyze penicillin, first, second, and third generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam.

Aim:
This study aimed to identify extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli bacteria in duck cloacal swab samples taken from seven live poultry markets in Surabaya.

Methods:
A total of 158 duck cloacal swab samples were obtained, isolated and identified with 85% (134/158) positive for E. coli bacteria using Mac Conkey Agar media, Gram staining, and then continued with biochemical tests Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Methyl red (MR), Sulphide Indole Motility (SIM), Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA), and Voges-Proskauer (VP).

Results:
ESBL detection using a double disc synergy test (DDST) showed 60% (12/20) positive for ESBL. Confirmation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test showed 58.3% (7/12) of samples were positive for blaTEM gene, with different percentages of positivity in each market.

Conclusion:
This study provides an important contribution in understanding E. coli as one of the ESBL-producing bacteria in poultry in live poultry markets, as well as the importance of monitoring and controlling the incidence of antibiotic resistance in food safety of animal origin.

Key words: Ducks, E. coli, blaTEM, ESBL, Public health


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kendek IA, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Wibisono FJ, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Budiastuti B, Degu NY, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Yanestria SM, Kurniasih DAA, Raissa R, Rehman S. Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(8): 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52

Web Style

Kendek IA, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Wibisono FJ, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Budiastuti B, Degu NY, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Yanestria SM, Kurniasih DAA, Raissa R, Rehman S. Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=248839 [Access: September 01, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kendek IA, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Wibisono FJ, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Budiastuti B, Degu NY, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Yanestria SM, Kurniasih DAA, Raissa R, Rehman S. Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(8): 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kendek IA, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Wibisono FJ, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Budiastuti B, Degu NY, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Yanestria SM, Kurniasih DAA, Raissa R, Rehman S. Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited September 01, 2025]; 15(8): 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


Harvard Style

Kendek, I. A., Khairullah, . A. R., Effendi, . M. H., Wibisono, . F. J., Tyasningsih, . W., Ugbo, . E. N., Budiastuti, . B., Degu, . N. Y., Moses, . I. B., Ahmad, . R. Z., Yanestria, . S. M., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Raissa, . R. & Rehman, . S. (2025) Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Vet. J., 15 (8), 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


Turabian Style

Kendek, Irfan Alias, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ricadonna Raissa, and Saifur Rehman. 2025. Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (8), 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


Chicago Style

Kendek, Irfan Alias, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ricadonna Raissa, and Saifur Rehman. "Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kendek, Irfan Alias, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ricadonna Raissa, and Saifur Rehman. "Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 15.8 (2025), 3862-3870. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kendek, I. A., Khairullah, . A. R., Effendi, . M. H., Wibisono, . F. J., Tyasningsih, . W., Ugbo, . E. N., Budiastuti, . B., Degu, . N. Y., Moses, . I. B., Ahmad, . R. Z., Yanestria, . S. M., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Raissa, . R. & Rehman, . S. (2025) Detection of the blaTEM gene on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase from ducks in live poultry markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (8), 3862-3870. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i8.52


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