Abstract
Background:
One of the most important problems in sheep is seasonal anestrus, which limits the reproductive efficiency of the sheep. Estrous synchronization is considered the first plan for reproductive performance in sheep due to the pregnancy time is limited, and parturition as well as an increase in twining and reached good genetic characteristics.

Aim:
This study aimed to manipulate seasonality that limits fertility in ewes by induction estrus during seasonal anestrous in sheep by using Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), Kisspeptin hormone, and study the impact of MTNR1A gene on reproduction efficiency in ewes.

Methods:
This study examined 36 Awassi ewes divided into two groups, each containing 18 ewes, 2–3 years old, and two fertile rams aged 3–4 years and weighing 60–65 kg. All non-pregnant ewes were synchronized using vaginal sponges (60 mg Medroxy Progesterone acetate) for 10 days. The injection of treatment when sponges are draws. The first group (G1) received 500 IU of PMSG injection, and the second group (G2) injection a Kisspeptin hormone 5 μg/kg B.W.

Results:
The results showed the G1 treated by PMSG 500IU were higher significantly (p ≤ 0.05) of estrus response, induction estrus and pregnancy (89%, 89%, and 89%), respectively, comparative with G2 treated by (Kisspeptin 5 mg/kg) were (72%, 72%, and 66%), respectively, and non-significant changes in estrus were observed in all groups. The average peripheral progesterone concentration significantly increased from day 0 to 5th month in G1 comparative with G2 in pregnant ewes. Serum progesterone levels were significantly p < 0.05 during of 4th month in G1 treatment by (PMSG 500IU) compared with day 0 and all other months during pregnancy of ewes. The average days to lambing in genotypes CT and TT (150 ± 2.5 and 152 ± 3.5 days), respectively, were significant comparative with CC genotype; however, the litter size and lambing rate observed in the enrolled ewes were non-significant in all genotypes. CC, CT, and TT represent three possible genotypes at a specific location (locus) in the genome, often referring to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). These genotypes indicate the combination of alleles an individual inherits from their parents for a particular gene. They refer to the presence of two alleles for a particular nitrogenous base: C and T are nitrogenous bases: C = Cytosine and T = Thymine.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the application of PMSG and Kisspeptin was effective in achievement good higher significantly of reproduction efficiency in this study. The genotypes CT and TT of the MTNR1A gene polymorphism were connected with a short significant of days to lambing in genotypes.

Key words: Induction, Kisspeptin, MTNR1A gene, PMSG, Progesterone