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Research Article


A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Reiner Silveira de Moraes, Diego Ribeiro, Alessandra Melchert, Henry David Mogollón García, Doughlas Regalin, Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho, Rogério Giuffrida, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto.


Abstract
Background:
Urinary retention in obstructed male cats leads to changes in blood and urine compounds, which, combined with the time of obstruction, are linked to worsening of the animal's clinical status.

Aim:
This study aimed to describe the primary laboratory changes in male cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Methods:
Medical records of 386 male cats diagnosed with UO and treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics (FMVZ), UNESP - Botucatu, between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Data on sex, age, breed, body weight, and reproductive status were evaluated.

Results:
Over the years, complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, blood gas analysis, electrolytes, urinalysis, and urine culture were performed upon request. Anaemia was not representative in obstructed cats. Thrombocytopenia was identified in 65.5% (169/258) of patients, and neutrophilic leukocytosis was identified in 52.4% (170/326) of patients. High urea and creatinine values were detected in 82.9% (273/329) and 77.1% (256/331) of the patients, respectively. Acidemia, increased PO2, metabolic acidosis, hypochloremia, hyperkalaemia, hypernatremia, and hypocalcemia were observed in 37.6% (90/239), 51.5% (120/233), 69.3% (160/231), 50.2% (115/229), 58.5% (138/239), 40.2% (93/231), and 85.7% (84/98) of the cats, respectively. Urinalysis revealed an acidic pH, isosthenuria, a low proportion of proteins, and a high presence of occult blood and erythrocytes per field (> 1,000). Finally, 19.49% had positive cultures. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. are commonly isolated.

Conclusion:
This study provides a description of laboratory changes and those most prevalent in the population under study. UO may result mainly in isolated or combined laboratory changes such as azotemia, acidemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcemia, acidic pH and occult blood in urine. Additional laboratory changes may be present; however, they must be deeply investigated as comorbidities might be associated with. Therefore, the description of laboratory changes in large populations, such as in male cats with UO, provides a reference for veterinarians regarding the hematological and urinary changes expected in obstructed male cats, and instigate the search for further studies in the field.

Key words: Blood abnormality, Felis catus, FLUTD, Urethra, Urine blockage


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Moraes RSd, Ribeiro D, Melchert A, García HDM, Regalin D, Filho RLA, Giuffrida R, Takahira RK, Okamoto AS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(11): 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19

Web Style

Moraes RSd, Ribeiro D, Melchert A, García HDM, Regalin D, Filho RLA, Giuffrida R, Takahira RK, Okamoto AS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=214235 [Access: December 07, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Moraes RSd, Ribeiro D, Melchert A, García HDM, Regalin D, Filho RLA, Giuffrida R, Takahira RK, Okamoto AS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(11): 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Moraes RSd, Ribeiro D, Melchert A, García HDM, Regalin D, Filho RLA, Giuffrida R, Takahira RK, Okamoto AS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited December 07, 2024]; 14(11): 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


Harvard Style

Moraes, R. S. d., Ribeiro, . D., Melchert, . A., García, . H. D. M., Regalin, . D., Filho, . R. L. A., Giuffrida, . R., Takahira, . R. K., Okamoto, . A. S. & Guimarães-Okamoto, . P. T. C. (2024) A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Open Vet J, 14 (11), 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


Turabian Style

Moraes, Reiner Silveira de, Diego Ribeiro, Alessandra Melchert, Henry David Mogollón García, Doughlas Regalin, Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho, Rogério Giuffrida, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, and Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto. 2024. A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (11), 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


Chicago Style

Moraes, Reiner Silveira de, Diego Ribeiro, Alessandra Melchert, Henry David Mogollón García, Doughlas Regalin, Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho, Rogério Giuffrida, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, and Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto. "A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Moraes, Reiner Silveira de, Diego Ribeiro, Alessandra Melchert, Henry David Mogollón García, Doughlas Regalin, Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho, Rogério Giuffrida, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, and Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto. "A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil." Open Veterinary Journal 14.11 (2024), 2901-2910. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Moraes, R. S. d., Ribeiro, . D., Melchert, . A., García, . H. D. M., Regalin, . D., Filho, . R. L. A., Giuffrida, . R., Takahira, . R. K., Okamoto, . A. S. & Guimarães-Okamoto, . P. T. C. (2024) A retrospective description of blood and urine alterations in 386 male cats with urethral obstruction in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (11), 2901-2910. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.19


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